| | PIC其中一些單片機(jī)與EM78系列單片機(jī)管腳相兼容，對(duì)照如下： |
· | PIC12C508/509 EM78P152/153 | · | PIC16C54/56/84 EM78P156/256/456 | · | PIC16C55/57 EM78P447 | | 以上單片機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)換可不改動(dòng)PCB便可完成，具體EMC-PIC.htm#1">硬件資源對(duì)照如表1所示；EMC-PIC.htm#2">指令對(duì)照表如表2所示。 |
| | 現(xiàn)有轉(zhuǎn)換軟件X156M.EXE可以將PIC編寫的程序目標(biāo)碼轉(zhuǎn)成EM78單片機(jī)可用的源代碼。 | | | 1.文件名：X156M.EXE | | | 說(shuō)明：PIC程序文件名后綴一定是（.OBJ） | | | 文件格式是16進(jìn)制(HEX)或二進(jìn)制（BIN） | | | 執(zhí)行X156M(以5XDEMO.OBJ為例、HEX格式） | | | 2.提示輸入文件5XDEMO.OBJ | | | 詢問(wèn)是何種文件輸出方式（H/B）？選H | | | 詢問(wèn)文件大小（單位是512字節(jié)）？輸入1（16C54、12C508）或2（16C56）或4（16C57） | | | 詢問(wèn)文件輸出方式（0/1）？選1 | | | 詢問(wèn)WDT開(kāi)/關(guān)否？（視情況而定） | | | 至此，可輸出名為5XDEMO.DT文件（即EM78XX的源程序） |  | 經(jīng)過(guò)上述轉(zhuǎn)換的程序仍可能存在下列問(wèn)題，需要修正 | | | 1.針對(duì)EMC內(nèi)部RAM地址比PIC高10H,轉(zhuǎn)換程序?qū)AM地址硬性加10H，如此時(shí)R4則轉(zhuǎn)為R14，如果R4 | | | 作間接尋址用，此時(shí)應(yīng)--恢復(fù)R14轉(zhuǎn)換R4；在間接尋址中，在賦給R4立即數(shù)的值轉(zhuǎn)到EMC時(shí)該立即 | | | 數(shù)也應(yīng)加10H;相關(guān)的BANK選擇位對(duì)應(yīng)如（前為PIC，后為EMC）∶R3.5à R3.6,R3.6à R3.7. | | | 2.PIC和EMC個(gè)別寄存器如標(biāo)志寄存器R3.7、R4不一樣，有些PIC程序中用了其中閑置的bit做標(biāo)志 | | | 位，到EMC程序中要檢查有沒(méi)有沖突； | | | 3.PIC和EMC讀入RA或口5，閑置位賦值不一樣：如PIC16C54讀RA.時(shí)RA的高四位為0，但EM78×56 | | | 就不是為0，所以 EM78X56讀出口5數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)要屏蔽高位，否則容易出錯(cuò)。 | | | 針對(duì)PIC16C57程序轉(zhuǎn)換的問(wèn)題（1）R7轉(zhuǎn)換后會(huì)變成17H，應(yīng)恢復(fù)為07H；（2）為了避免程序跳 | | | 轉(zhuǎn)、R3的重定義而出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤，最好將16C57對(duì)應(yīng)的4個(gè)PAGES映射到78P447的4個(gè)PAGES里去，方法 | | | 是重定義轉(zhuǎn)換程序的每頁(yè)起始地址，200Hà400H，400Hà 800H，600Hà C00H。 |
表1 PIC和EMC單片機(jī)硬件資源對(duì)照表 |
Device | EM78P152
EM78P153 | PIC12C508
PIC12C509 | EM78P156 | PIC16C54
PIC16C56 | EM78P447A
EM78P447B | PIC16C57 | Pins | 8/14 | 8 | 18 | 18 | 28/32 | 28 | Process | CMOS | CMOS | CMOS | CMOS | CMOS | CMOS | Architecture | RISC | RISC | RISC | RISC | RISC | RISC | Mask Version | Yes | N/A | Yes | N/A | Yes | N/A | Working Voltage | 2.5~5.5 | 2.5~5.5 | 2.5~5.5 | 2.5~6.25 | 2.3~5.5 | 2.5~6.25 | Program Memory | 512x13 | 512/1Kx12 | 1Kx13 | 512/1Kx12 | 4Kx13 | 2Kx12 | User Memory RAM | 32x8 | 25/41x8 | 48x8 | 25x8 | 148x8 | 72x8 | I/O pins | 6/12 | 5 | 12 | 12 | 20/24 | 20 | Instruction Clock | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4 | Oscillation Mode | 5 | 4 | 4,(5) | 4 | 4 | 4 | Instruction Set | 57 | 33 | 57 | 33 | 57 | 33 | Max.Operating | XT | 16(4 clks) | 8(4 clks) | 18(2clks)
36(4clks) | 20(4 clks) | 36(4 clks) | 20(4 clks) | RC | 4(4 clks) | 4(4 clks) | 4(4 clks) | 4(4 clks) | 4(4 clks) | 8(4 clks) | Page Size | 1K | 512 | 1K | 512 | 1K | 512 | Available for CALL | 1K | 256 | 1K | 256 | 1K | 256 | Option Code | 13 | N/A | 6 | N/A | 7(13) | N/A | Interrupt(In/Ex) | 3（1/2） | N/A | 3(1/2) | N/A | 3(1/2) | N/A | Pull-High Pins | 6/8 | N/A | 8 | N/A | 10 | N/A | Pull-Low Pins | 3/7 | N/A | 7 | N/A | 0 | N/A | Wake-Up Pins | 6/8 | N/A | 8 | N/A | 10 | N/A | Open-Drain Pins | 6/8 | N/A | 8 | N/A | 2 | N/A | R-Option Pins | 0 | N/A | 2 | N/A | 2 | N/A | Stack | 5 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 2 | POVD | Yes | N/A | Yes | N/A | Yes | N/A | Timer Modules | 8-bitx1 | 8-bitx1 | 8-bitx1 | 8-bitx1 | 8-bitx1 | 8-bitx1 | WDT | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
PIC | EMC | | PIC | EMC | 字 節(jié) 操 作 指 令 | 位 操 作 指 令 | NOP | | NOP | | BCF | f,b | BC | R,b | NOVWF | f | | R,A | BSF | f,b | BS | R,b | CLRW | | CLRA | | BTFSC | f,b | JBC | R,b | CLRF | f | CLR | R | BTFSS | f,b | JBS | R,B | SUBWF | f,0 | SUB | A,R | 控 制 指 令 | SUBWF | f,1 | SUB | R,A | OPTION | | CONTW | | DECF | f,0 | DECA | R | SLEED | | SLEP | | DECF | f,1 | DEC | R | CLRWDF | f | WDTC | R | IORWF | f,0 | OR | A,R | TRIS | K | IOW | | IORWF | f,1 | OR | R,A | RETLW | K | RETL | K | ANDWF | f,0 | AND | A,R | CALL | K | CALL | K | ANDWF | f,1 | AND | R,A | GOTO | K | JMP | K | XORWF | f,0 | XOR | A,R | | K | MOV | A,K | XORWF | f,1 | XOR | R,A | IORLW | K | OR | A,K | ADDWF | f,0 | ADD | A,R | ANDLW | K | AND | A,K | ADDWF | f,1 | ADD | R,A | XORLW | K | XOR | A,K | MOVF | f,0 | MOV | A,R | 其 它 | MOVF | f,1 | MOV | R,R | | | DAA | | COMF | f,0 | COMA | R | | | ENI | | COMF | f,1 | COM | R | | | DISI | | INCF | f,0 | INCA | R | | | RET | | INCF | f,1 | INC | R | | | RETI | | DECFSZ | f,0 | DJZA | R | | | CONTR | | DECFSZ | f,1 | DJZ | R | | | IOR | R | RRF | f,0 | RRCA | R | | | SUB | A,K | RRF | f,1 | RRC | R | | | INT | | RLF | f,0 | RLCA | R | | | ADD | A,K | RLF | f,1 | RLC | R | | | | | SWAPF | f,0 | SWAPA | R | | | | | SWAPF | f,1 | SWAP | R | | | | | INCFSZ | f,0 | JZA | R | | | | | INCFSZ | f,1 | JA | R |
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